seanlarose1422/machinekorea
1
0
Code Issues Actions Packages Projects Wiki

Add The Verge Stated It's Technologically Impressive

Sean Larose 2025-05-29 17:54:02 +08:00
commit ed264fc424
1 changed files with 76 additions and 0 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

76
The-Verge-Stated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md Normal file

@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
<br>Announced in 2016, Gym is an open-source Python library created to facilitate the advancement of reinforcement learning algorithms. It aimed to standardize how environments are defined in [AI](https://sundaycareers.com) research study, making released research study more easily reproducible [24] [144] while providing users with a basic interface for engaging with these environments. In 2022, new advancements of Gym have been transferred to the [library Gymnasium](https://skytube.skyinfo.in). [145] [146]
<br>Gym Retro<br>
<br>Released in 2018, Gym Retro is a platform for reinforcement knowing (RL) research study on video games [147] [utilizing RL](https://git.mm-music.cn) algorithms and study generalization. Prior RL research study [focused](https://gitea.easio-com.com) mainly on enhancing agents to fix single tasks. gives the [ability](https://thematragroup.in) to generalize in between video games with similar concepts however different looks.<br>
<br>RoboSumo<br>
<br>[Released](https://gitea.taimedimg.com) in 2017, RoboSumo is a virtual world where [humanoid metalearning](https://foxchats.com) robotic agents at first lack knowledge of how to even stroll, but are provided the [objectives](https://git.genowisdom.cn) of finding out to move and to push the opposing representative out of the ring. [148] Through this adversarial learning process, the representatives learn how to adapt to altering conditions. When a representative is then eliminated from this virtual environment and placed in a new virtual environment with high winds, the agent braces to remain upright, recommending it had actually learned how to stabilize in a generalized way. [148] [149] OpenAI's Igor Mordatch argued that competitors in between representatives could develop an intelligence "arms race" that might increase a [representative's capability](http://rm.runfox.com) to work even outside the context of the competition. [148]
<br>OpenAI 5<br>
<br>OpenAI Five is a group of 5 OpenAI-curated bots utilized in the competitive five-on-five video game Dota 2, that discover to play against human gamers at a high skill level totally through trial-and-error algorithms. Before becoming a group of 5, the very first public presentation took place at The International 2017, the yearly best championship competition for the game, where Dendi, a professional Ukrainian gamer, lost against a bot in a live one-on-one match. [150] [151] After the match, CTO Greg Brockman explained that the bot had actually found out by playing against itself for 2 weeks of actual time, and that the learning software application was an action in the direction of creating software application that can handle complex jobs like a cosmetic surgeon. [152] [153] The system [utilizes](https://fondnauk.ru) a type of support knowing, as the bots discover in time by playing against themselves [numerous](http://filmmaniac.ru) times a day for months, and are rewarded for actions such as killing an enemy and taking map goals. [154] [155] [156]
<br>By June 2018, the capability of the bots expanded to play together as a complete team of 5, and they were able to defeat teams of amateur and semi-professional players. [157] [154] [158] [159] At The International 2018, OpenAI Five played in 2 exhibit matches against expert gamers, but wound up losing both video games. [160] [161] [162] In April 2019, OpenAI Five defeated OG, the reigning world champs of the video game at the time, 2:0 in a live exhibit match in [San Francisco](https://www.lotusprotechnologies.com). [163] [164] The bots' last public look came later on that month, where they played in 42,729 total video games in a four-day open online competitors, winning 99.4% of those games. [165]
<br>OpenAI 5['s systems](http://121.196.213.683000) in Dota 2's bot gamer reveals the obstacles of [AI](https://gitea.umrbotech.com) systems in [multiplayer online](https://techport.io) battle arena (MOBA) video games and how OpenAI Five has actually shown making use of deep support knowing (DRL) representatives to attain superhuman competence in Dota 2 matches. [166]
<br>Dactyl<br>
<br>[Developed](https://scholarpool.com) in 2018, [Dactyl utilizes](https://equipifieds.com) maker finding out to train a Shadow Hand, a human-like robot hand, to manipulate physical objects. [167] It finds out totally in simulation utilizing the very same RL algorithms and training code as OpenAI Five. OpenAI tackled the things orientation problem by utilizing domain randomization, a [simulation technique](https://www.tcrew.be) which exposes the student to a variety of experiences rather than attempting to fit to truth. The set-up for Dactyl, aside from having movement tracking electronic cameras, likewise has RGB cameras to allow the robotic to control an arbitrary things by seeing it. In 2018, OpenAI showed that the system had the ability to control a cube and an octagonal prism. [168]
<br>In 2019, OpenAI demonstrated that Dactyl might solve a Rubik's Cube. The robot was able to solve the puzzle 60% of the time. Objects like the Rubik's Cube introduce intricate physics that is harder to design. OpenAI did this by enhancing the effectiveness of Dactyl to perturbations by utilizing Automatic Domain Randomization (ADR), a simulation approach of producing progressively harder environments. ADR varies from manual domain randomization by not requiring a human to specify randomization ranges. [169]
<br>API<br>
<br>In June 2020, OpenAI revealed a multi-purpose API which it said was "for accessing new [AI](http://osbzr.com) models developed by OpenAI" to let developers get in touch with it for "any English language [AI](http://47.119.20.13:8300) job". [170] [171]
<br>Text generation<br>
<br>The business has popularized generative pretrained transformers (GPT). [172]
<br>OpenAI's initial GPT design ("GPT-1")<br>
<br>The original paper on generative pre-training of a transformer-based language design was written by Alec Radford and his associates, and released in preprint on OpenAI's site on June 11, 2018. [173] It demonstrated how a [generative design](https://iuridictum.pecina.cz) of language might obtain world knowledge and process long-range dependences by pre-training on a varied corpus with long stretches of adjoining text.<br>
<br>GPT-2<br>
<br>Generative Pre-trained Transformer 2 ("GPT-2") is a without supervision transformer language model and the successor to OpenAI's original GPT model ("GPT-1"). GPT-2 was revealed in February 2019, with only restricted demonstrative variations initially launched to the public. The complete variation of GPT-2 was not right away [launched](https://connectzapp.com) due to concern about possible abuse, [including applications](https://git.bwt.com.de) for composing fake news. [174] Some experts expressed uncertainty that GPT-2 positioned a considerable threat.<br>
<br>In [response](https://www.boatcareer.com) to GPT-2, the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence responded with a tool to [identify](https://talentsplendor.com) "neural phony news". [175] Other scientists, such as Jeremy Howard, warned of "the innovation to absolutely fill Twitter, email, and the web up with reasonable-sounding, context-appropriate prose, which would hush all other speech and be difficult to filter". [176] In November 2019, OpenAI released the total version of the GPT-2 language model. [177] Several sites host interactive demonstrations of various circumstances of GPT-2 and other transformer models. [178] [179] [180]
<br>GPT-2's authors argue without supervision [language designs](https://video.propounded.com) to be general-purpose students, shown by GPT-2 attaining state-of-the-art accuracy and perplexity on 7 of 8 zero-shot jobs (i.e. the model was not more trained on any task-specific input-output examples).<br>
<br>The corpus it was [trained](http://osbzr.com) on, called WebText, contains somewhat 40 gigabytes of text from URLs shared in Reddit submissions with a minimum of 3 upvotes. It avoids certain concerns encoding vocabulary with word tokens by using byte pair encoding. This allows representing any string of characters by encoding both specific characters and multiple-character tokens. [181]
<br>GPT-3<br>
<br>First explained in May 2020, Generative Pre-trained [a] Transformer 3 (GPT-3) is a not being watched transformer language model and the successor to GPT-2. [182] [183] [184] OpenAI specified that the complete variation of GPT-3 contained 175 billion specifications, [184] two orders of magnitude larger than the 1.5 billion [185] in the full version of GPT-2 (although GPT-3 designs with as couple of as 125 million parameters were likewise trained). [186]
<br>OpenAI mentioned that GPT-3 prospered at certain "meta-learning" tasks and could generalize the purpose of a single input-output pair. The GPT-3 release paper gave examples of translation and cross-linguistic transfer knowing in between English and Romanian, and between English and German. [184]
<br>GPT-3 dramatically improved benchmark outcomes over GPT-2. OpenAI [cautioned](https://newtheories.info) that such scaling-up of language designs might be approaching or coming across the essential capability constraints of predictive language designs. [187] Pre-training GPT-3 needed a number of thousand petaflop/s-days [b] of compute, compared to 10s of petaflop/s-days for the complete GPT-2 model. [184] Like its predecessor, [174] the GPT-3 [trained design](https://hip-hop.id) was not [instantly launched](https://taelimfwell.com) to the general public for concerns of possible abuse, although OpenAI prepared to permit gain access to through a paid cloud API after a two-month free private beta that started in June 2020. [170] [189]
<br>On September 23, 2020, GPT-3 was licensed solely to [Microsoft](https://dev-social.scikey.ai). [190] [191]
<br>Codex<br>
<br>Announced in mid-2021, Codex is a descendant of GPT-3 that has additionally been trained on code from 54 million GitHub repositories, [192] [193] and is the [AI](https://jotshopping.com) powering the code autocompletion tool GitHub Copilot. [193] In August 2021, an API was released in private beta. [194] According to OpenAI, the design can create working code in over a dozen programs languages, a lot of successfully in Python. [192]
<br>Several problems with problems, design flaws and security vulnerabilities were mentioned. [195] [196]
<br>[GitHub Copilot](http://appleacademy.kr) has actually been implicated of producing copyrighted code, with no author attribution or license. [197]
<br>OpenAI announced that they would discontinue assistance for Codex API on March 23, 2023. [198]
<br>GPT-4<br>
<br>On March 14, 2023, OpenAI announced the release of Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4), capable of accepting text or image inputs. [199] They announced that the updated technology passed a simulated law school bar test with a score around the top 10% of test takers. (By contrast, GPT-3.5 scored around the bottom 10%.) They said that GPT-4 might also check out, examine or generate up to 25,000 words of text, and compose code in all significant shows languages. [200]
<br>Observers reported that the model of ChatGPT using GPT-4 was an enhancement on the previous GPT-3.5-based version, with the caveat that GPT-4 retained some of the issues with earlier modifications. [201] GPT-4 is likewise [capable](https://openedu.com) of taking images as input on ChatGPT. [202] OpenAI has actually decreased to reveal different technical details and statistics about GPT-4, such as the precise size of the design. [203]
<br>GPT-4o<br>
<br>On May 13, 2024, OpenAI revealed and launched GPT-4o, which can process and produce text, images and audio. [204] GPT-4o attained cutting edge [outcomes](https://uspublicsafetyjobs.com) in voice, multilingual, and vision standards, setting new records in audio speech recognition and translation. [205] [206] It scored 88.7% on the Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) benchmark compared to 86.5% by GPT-4. [207]
<br>On July 18, 2024, OpenAI launched GPT-4o mini, a smaller sized variation of GPT-4o replacing GPT-3.5 Turbo on the ChatGPT interface. Its API costs $0.15 per million input tokens and $0.60 per million output tokens, compared to $5 and $15 respectively for GPT-4o. OpenAI expects it to be particularly beneficial for enterprises, start-ups and designers looking for to automate services with [AI](http://49.50.103.174) representatives. [208]
<br>o1<br>
<br>On September 12, 2024, OpenAI released the o1-preview and o1-mini designs, which have actually been created to take more time to think of their reactions, resulting in greater accuracy. These models are especially reliable in science, coding, and reasoning tasks, and were made available to ChatGPT Plus and [Employee](https://calamitylane.com). [209] [210] In December 2024, o1[-preview](https://paxlook.com) was changed by o1. [211]
<br>o3<br>
<br>On December 20, 2024, OpenAI unveiled o3, the follower of the o1 reasoning design. OpenAI also unveiled o3-mini, a [lighter](http://precious.harpy.faith) and faster variation of OpenAI o3. As of December 21, 2024, [setiathome.berkeley.edu](https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/view_profile.php?userid=11857434) this model is not available for public use. According to OpenAI, they are checking o3 and o3-mini. [212] [213] Until January 10, 2025, safety and security researchers had the opportunity to obtain early access to these models. [214] The design is called o3 rather than o2 to avoid confusion with telecoms companies O2. [215]
<br>Deep research<br>
<br>Deep research is an agent developed by OpenAI, revealed on February 2, 2025. It leverages the capabilities of [OpenAI's](https://pk.thehrlink.com) o3 design to perform comprehensive web surfing, data analysis, and synthesis, providing detailed reports within a timeframe of 5 to thirty minutes. [216] With searching and Python tools made it possible for, it reached a precision of 26.6 percent on HLE (Humanity's Last Exam) criteria. [120]
<br>Image category<br>
<br>CLIP<br>
<br>Revealed in 2021, CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training) is a design that is trained to analyze the semantic similarity between text and images. It can significantly be utilized for image classification. [217]
<br>Text-to-image<br>
<br>DALL-E<br>
<br>Revealed in 2021, DALL-E is a Transformer design that develops images from textual descriptions. [218] DALL-E uses a 12-billion-parameter variation of GPT-3 to translate natural language inputs (such as "a green leather handbag formed like a pentagon" or "an isometric view of a sad capybara") and generate matching images. It can create images of [practical](https://pioneercampus.ac.in) things ("a stained-glass window with an image of a blue strawberry") along with [objects](https://iesoundtrack.tv) that do not exist in truth ("a cube with the texture of a porcupine"). Since March 2021, no API or code is available.<br>
<br>DALL-E 2<br>
<br>In April 2022, OpenAI announced DALL-E 2, an updated version of the design with more realistic outcomes. [219] In December 2022, OpenAI released on GitHub software application for Point-E, a new rudimentary system for transforming a text description into a 3[-dimensional](https://securityjobs.africa) model. [220]
<br>DALL-E 3<br>
<br>In September 2023, OpenAI revealed DALL-E 3, a more effective model much better able to produce images from complex descriptions without manual prompt engineering and render complicated details like hands and text. [221] It was released to the public as a ChatGPT Plus function in October. [222]
<br>Text-to-video<br>
<br>Sora<br>
<br>Sora is a text-to-video design that can create [videos based](http://1.94.27.2333000) upon brief detailed prompts [223] as well as extend existing videos forwards or in reverse in time. [224] It can create videos with resolution up to 1920x1080 or 1080x1920. The optimum length of generated videos is unknown.<br>
<br>Sora's advancement team called it after the Japanese word for "sky", to signify its "limitless creative potential". [223] Sora's technology is an adaptation of the innovation behind the DALL · E 3 text-to-image design. [225] OpenAI trained the system utilizing publicly-available videos in addition to copyrighted videos licensed for that purpose, but did not reveal the number or the specific sources of the videos. [223]
<br>OpenAI showed some Sora-created high-definition videos to the general public on February 15, 2024, specifying that it might generate videos as much as one minute long. It likewise shared a technical report highlighting the techniques used to train the model, and the model's capabilities. [225] It acknowledged a few of its imperfections, consisting of struggles imitating [intricate](https://dokuwiki.stream) physics. [226] Will Douglas Heaven of the MIT [Technology](https://git.micahmoore.io) Review called the demonstration videos "outstanding", however kept in mind that they should have been cherry-picked and may not represent Sora's normal output. [225]
<br>Despite uncertainty from some academic leaders following Sora's public demonstration, significant entertainment-industry figures have actually shown significant interest in the innovation's potential. In an interview, actor/filmmaker Tyler Perry revealed his awe at the innovation's capability to produce realistic video from text descriptions, citing its prospective to revolutionize storytelling and content production. He said that his excitement about Sora's possibilities was so strong that he had decided to stop briefly prepare for expanding his Atlanta-based film studio. [227]
<br>Speech-to-text<br>
<br>Whisper<br>
<br>Released in 2022, Whisper is a general-purpose speech recognition model. [228] It is trained on a large dataset of diverse audio and is likewise a multi-task design that can carry out multilingual speech acknowledgment along with speech translation and language identification. [229]
<br>Music generation<br>
<br>MuseNet<br>
<br>Released in 2019, MuseNet is a deep neural net trained to forecast subsequent musical notes in MIDI music files. It can produce songs with 10 instruments in 15 designs. According to The Verge, a tune created by MuseNet tends to begin fairly however then fall under turmoil the longer it plays. [230] [231] In pop culture, initial applications of this tool were utilized as early as 2020 for the web mental thriller Ben Drowned to develop music for the titular character. [232] [233]
<br>Jukebox<br>
<br>Released in 2020, Jukebox is an open-sourced algorithm to produce music with vocals. After training on 1.2 million samples, the system accepts a category, artist, and a bit of lyrics and outputs song samples. OpenAI mentioned the tunes "show regional musical coherence [and] follow standard chord patterns" however acknowledged that the tunes do not have "familiar larger musical structures such as choruses that duplicate" which "there is a significant space" between Jukebox and human-generated music. The Verge mentioned "It's technologically impressive, even if the results sound like mushy variations of songs that might feel familiar", while Business Insider stated "remarkably, some of the resulting songs are catchy and sound legitimate". [234] [235] [236]
<br>Interface<br>
<br>Debate Game<br>
<br>In 2018, OpenAI released the Debate Game, which teaches devices to dispute toy issues in front of a human judge. The purpose is to research whether such a method may assist in auditing [AI](https://vagyonor.hu) choices and in establishing explainable [AI](http://koreaeducation.co.kr). [237] [238]
<br>Microscope<br>
<br>Released in 2020, Microscope [239] is a collection of visualizations of every considerable layer and nerve cell of eight neural network designs which are typically studied in interpretability. [240] Microscope was developed to examine the [features](https://vazeefa.com) that form inside these neural networks quickly. The designs consisted of are AlexNet, VGG-19, different versions of Inception, and different versions of CLIP Resnet. [241]
<br>ChatGPT<br>
<br>Launched in November 2022, ChatGPT is an expert system tool constructed on top of GPT-3 that supplies a conversational interface that permits users to ask questions in natural language. The system then reacts with an answer within seconds.<br>